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Public
OTX Bot

Fast Flux: Enabling Robust Malware, C2 and Phishing Networks

“Fast flux” is a technique that has been recently used by threat actors to obfuscate
the locations of malicious servers through rapidly changing Domain Name System
(DNS) records associated with a single domain name and establish robust C2
infrastructure capable of surviving attempts to dismantle it. Fast

Pulse ID: 67f42761b4cf9e873fd49513
Pulse Link: otx.alienvault.com/pulse/67f42
Pulse Author: cryptocti
Created: 2025-04-07 19:28:33

Be advised, this data is unverified and should be considered preliminary. Always do further verification.

LevelBlue Open Threat ExchangeLevelBlue - Open Threat ExchangeLearn about the latest cyber threats. Research, collaborate, and share threat intelligence in real time. Protect yourself and the community against today's emerging threats.
#CyberSecurity#DNS#InfoSec
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Infoblox Threat Intel

Is the sky fluxxing?! Last week a CISA advisory on DNS Fast Flux created a lot of buzz. We have an insider's take.

Fast Flux is a nearly 20 year old technique and is essentially the malicious use of dynamic DNS. It is critical that protective DNS services understand this -- and all other DNS techniques -- on that we agree.

What we also know as experts in DNS is that there are many ways to skin a cat, as they say.

#dns #threatintel #cisa #malware #phishing #threatintelligence #infobloxthreatintel #infoblox #cybercrime #cybersecurity #infosec

blogs.infoblox.com/threat-inte

Infoblox Blog · Disrupting Fast Flux and more advanced tacticsA recent Cybersecurity Advisory (1) from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) notified organizations, Internet service providers (ISPs), and cybersecurity service providers about the threat posed by fast flux enabled malicious activities.
A répondu dans un fil de discussion
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Erik van Straten

@fleaz : it's not MultiMultiFactorAuthentication but 1FA max.

Assuming that you don't use those hardware keys to generate TOTP codes (which are pointless when confronted with the likes of #Evilginx2), but use WebAuthn instead (FIDO2 passkeys in hardware keys), everything depends on one factor: the domain name of the website.

1️⃣ DV-CERTS SUCK
It is not very common that certificates are issued to malicious parties, but it *does* happen now and then (infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStrat).

2️⃣ SUBDOMAINS
Furthermore, sometimes organizations have "dangling" subdomain names. For example,

test.example.com

may point to the IP-adress of some cloud server no longer used by example.com. Anyone with write access to that server may install a fake "test.example.com" website and phish you to it. It *may* be used to phish your WebAuthm credentials *if* "example.com" does not explicitly *DENY* WebAuthn from "test.example.com".

See github.com/w3ctag/design-revie for how Google prevents "sites.google.com" from authenticating to "google.com".

3️⃣ DNS HACKED
It may not be neccessary to execute BGP-hijacks to redirect network traffic to an impostor: it also all depends on how reliable DNS records are protected against unauthorized access. If the dude in charge for DNS uses a stupid password only, or the DNS provider is easily fooled into believing "I forgot my creds", it's game over. The crooks will obtain a DV-cert in no time, no questions asked, for free.

4️⃣ All the bells and whistless are moot if there's an alternative way to log in (such as by using a 1FA rescue code) and the user is fooled into providing it (after they've been lied to that their WebAithn public key on the server became corrupted or was lost otherwise).

5️⃣ Cloudflare MitM's https connections (it's not a secret: blog.cloudflare.com/password-r). The same applies to any server you log in to, which is accessible by untrustworthy personnel. They can steal your session cookie.

6️⃣ In the end MFA/2FA is a hoax anyway, because the session cookie (or JWT or whatever) is 1FA anyway.

Did I mention the risks of account lockout with hardware keys that cannot be backupped? And the mess it is to keep at least one other hardware key synchronized if it's in a vault? And the limitation of, for example, 25 WebAuthn accounts max? And (unpatcheable) vulnerabilities found in hardware keys? And their price? And how easy it is to forget or loose them?

@odr_k4tana

Infosec ExchangeErik van Straten (@ErikvanStraten@infosec.exchange)🌘DV-CERT MIS-ISSUANCE INCIDENTS🌒 🧵#3/3 Note: this list (in reverse chronological order) is probably incomplete; please respond if you know of additional incidents! 2024-07-31 "Sitting Ducks" attacks/DNS hijacks: mis-issued certificates for possibly more than 35.000 domains by Let’s Encrypt and DigiCert: https://blogs.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence/who-knew-domain-hijacking-is-so-easy/ (src: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/sitting-ducks-dns-attacks-let-hackers-hijack-over-35-000-domains/) 2024-07-23 Let's Encrypt mis-issued 34 certificates,revokes 27 for dydx.exchange: see 🧵#2/3 in this series of toots 2023-11-03 jabber.ru MitMed/AitMed in German hosting center https://notes.valdikss.org.ru/jabber.ru-mitm/ 2023-11-01 KlaySwap en Celer Bridge BGP-hijacks described https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/1NHvPnvZ8EUjVVs4KZ4L8h-bgp-hijacking-how-hackers-circumvent-internet-routing-security-to-tear-the 2023-09-01 Biggest BGP Incidents/BGP-hijacks/BGP hijacks https://blog.lacnic.net/en/routing/a-brief-history-of-the-internets-biggest-bgp-incidents 2022-09-22 BGP-hijack mis-issued GoGetSSL DV certificate https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/09/how-3-hours-of-inaction-from-amazon-cost-cryptocurrency-holders-235000/ 2022-09-09 Celer Bridge incident analysis https://www.coinbase.com/en-nl/blog/celer-bridge-incident-analysis 2022-02-16 Crypto Exchange KLAYswap Loses $1.9M After BGP Hijack https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/crypto-exchange-klayswap-loses-19m-after-bgp-hijack-a-18518 🌘BACKGROUND INFO🌒 2024-08-01 "Cloudflare once again comes under pressure for enabling abusive sites (Dan Goodin - Aug 1, 2024) https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/07/cloudflare-once-again-comes-under-pressure-for-enabling-abusive-sites/ 2018-08-15 Usenix-18: "Bamboozling Certificate Authorities with BGP" https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/birge-lee Edited 2024-09-05 14:19 UTC: corrected the link for the "jabber.ru" incident. #DV #LE #LetsEncrypt #Certificates #Certs #Misissuance #Mis_issuance #Revocation #Revoked #Weaknessess #WeakCertificates #WeakAuthentication #Authentication #Impersonation #Identification #Infosec #DNS #DNSHijacks #SquareSpace #Authorization #UnauthorizedChanges #UnauthorizedModifications #DeFi #dydx_exchange #CryptoCoins
#1FA#2FA#MFA
Public
OTX Bot

Grandoreiro Stealer Targeting Spain and Latin America: Malware Analysis and Decryption Insights

A new campaign utilizing the Brazilian stealer Grandoreiro has been detected targeting Spain and Latin American countries. The malware, active since 2017, aims to steal sensitive information, including banking credentials and personal data. It employs advanced evasion techniques such as string encryption and anti-sandbox measures. The campaign distributes Grandoreiro through phishing emails containing VBS files. Once executed, it performs various checks to evade detection and uses legitimate services for geolocation and DNS resolution. The report provides detailed insights into the malware's behavior and explains the string obfuscation and decryption techniques used in this campaign.

Pulse ID: 67f038fac3f02d82df0a9833
Pulse Link: otx.alienvault.com/pulse/67f03
Pulse Author: AlienVault
Created: 2025-04-04 19:54:34

Be advised, this data is unverified and should be considered preliminary. Always do further verification.

LevelBlue Open Threat ExchangeLevelBlue - Open Threat ExchangeLearn about the latest cyber threats. Research, collaborate, and share threat intelligence in real time. Protect yourself and the community against today's emerging threats.
#Bank#Brazil#CyberSecurity
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